In earlier blogs, I explored CGIAR’s origin story, the rise of protectionism, and the funding crunch threatening global agricultural research. But recent Correspondence in Nature Plants “Rethinking the need for field trials” by Flavell et al. (2025) calls for a rethink of the crop research system. The authors, many affiliated with CGIAR, argue that the way we conduct plant science may be undermining the very collaboration CGIAR was built to protect.
The critique is clear: controlled-environment studies, while useful for understanding mechanisms, often fail to translate into real-world agricultural impact. Findings evaluated in outdated genetic backgrounds or artificial conditions rarely hold up in elite germplasm or diverse farming systems. And that’s a problem, especially when breeders are expected to invest scarce resources based on those findings.
Since I have spent three blogs building up CGIAR, let’s unpack that, as this sounds counter to what I have been preaching.
The article, penned by a group of CGIAR-affiliated scientists, doesn’t mince words. They discuss the critical need to re-evaluate the importance of field trials when asserting the agricultural value of gene discoveries, noting that findings from controlled environments often fail to translate to real-world farming conditions. They highlight a disconnect between basic plant science research and practical crop improvement efforts: while lab-based experiments can reveal mechanisms, their relevance to modern crop yields is often limited, especially when tested in outdated genetic backgrounds or artificial conditions.
Flavell and colleagues point to the International Wheat Yield Partnership (IWYP) as a model for bridging this gap that we currently see occurring in plant breeding programs. IWYP funds translational research hubs that test and evaluate genes and traits in elite wheat lines across diverse environments. These hubs (CIMMYT in Mexico, Kansas State University, and NIAB in the UK) work closely with the International Wheat Improvement Network (IWIN), which spans over 700 field sites in 90+ countries. It’s a rigorous, global system designed to validate scientific claims under real agricultural conditions.
If you’re not in agriculture or research, you might be wondering: why should I care?
Here’s why. CGIAR isn’t just a research consortium; it’s the backbone of global food security. Its work affects the price of rice on your grocery shelf, the resilience of crops during droughts, and the nutritional quality of food in school lunches. It’s behind the scenes of climate adaptation, rural development, and even pandemic recovery. When CGIAR stumbles, the ripple effects hit farmers, consumers, and ecosystems worldwide. No matter how developed your nation is, it will eventually be felt, and you will see it.
Think of it like this: if NASA were suddenly told to centralize all its labs, cut its budget, and stop collaborating internationally, we’d worry about the future of space innovation. CGIAR is agriculture’s NASA. And right now, it’s facing turbulence.
Across the Nature Plants article and CGIAR’s own history, a clear theme emerges: agricultural research is rich in discovery but poor in delivery. CGIAR has generated thousands of innovations, from drought-tolerant crops to climate-smart farming systems, but many remain underutilized because they lack the translational infrastructure to scale in real-world settings. Not to mention the policy and governance that follow the scientific realization.
Despite CGIAR’s global reach and scientific impact, its systems still face critical gaps.
Discoveries often remain in controlled environments or academic publications without being tested in elite germplasm or diverse farming conditions. In other words, research often has trouble living in the real world and fully evaluating its potential as a result.
With donor nations cutting back and private sector involvement still tentative, CGIAR struggles to maintain long-term, flexible funding. When it comes to Public-Private Partnerships, while the private sector may take an interest and the public researchers may also see the benefits of such a collaboration, the general public seems to have a taboo view of industry involvement being biased.
Global collaboration is being undermined by trade restrictions, limited germplasm exchange, and nationalistic funding priorities. This really should be another blog in the future, as there are many concerns over protectionism and national protection over the benefits that come from an open and free talking system, sharing globalization and trade of research, products, and ideas.
Budget cuts are forcing CGIAR to scale back precisely when climate and food crises demand expansion. It is innovation that will sustain global agricultural production and, unless another agency steps forward to fill the gaps made by CGIAR rescaling, we won’t make it far on our missions and goals.
These gaps mirror the concerns raised by Flavell et al. (2025) who argue that without translational infrastructure like IWYP, promising genetic discoveries will remain “on the shelf,” unused by breeders and farmers. In the IWYP’s model, they are testing traits in elite lines across diverse environments, which offers a scalable solution to this delivery problem, ensuring that research investments yield tangible agricultural benefits.
IWYP offers what CGIAR and other research groups need more of: real-world field trials in elite germplasm, multi-environment testing through networks like IWIN, and independent oversight to ensure scientific rigour. It’s a scalable solution to the delivery problem, one that helps breeders identify which traits actually improve yield, resilience, and farmer livelihoods. We live in a diverse and evolving world, and field trials and the environments that they are exposed to may have to be more rigorous in the exposure of less controlled factors and more real-world situations. For IWYP, they are working towards providing these practices, but it also requires them to have independent oversight to ensure scientific rigour and relevance.
A Living Model of Collaborative Science
If we want agricultural research to deliver on its promises, especially in the face of climate disruption, geopolitical tension, and shrinking budgets, then CGIAR must be more than a legacy brand. It needs to function as a living, breathing model of collaborative science. That means listening to its researchers, respecting the expertise of its centers, and building governance that reflects its mission and values.
Translational infrastructure like IWYP is essential. Without it, promising discoveries risk never reaching the fields, farmers, or food systems that need them most. And you don’t need to be a scientist or policymaker to help make that happen. If this resonates with you, you can champion open science by pushing for policies that promote germplasm exchange, data sharing, and international cooperation. These are the kinds of actions that move us from admiration to impact.
We can advocate for funding through the government, universities, or foundations. We can share the story through blogs, social media, and newsletters to raise awareness about the importance of field trials and global collaboration. Even this blog couldn’t fully unpack the complexity of field trials. At the University of Saskatchewan, we’re lucky to have the Crop Development Centre (CDC) and local commissions leading the charge in plant breeding and translational work. Maybe on SAIFood, we can further spotlight more of that local leadership and farmer-led innovations.
The future of food security depends not just on discovery, but on delivery. Let’s make sure the science doesn’t sit on the shelf.
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